Paradigma
A paradigm is a set of basic assumptions or rules that we take for granted in order to understand reality and its phenomena. In this sense, a personal paradigm is the essential thing we impose on ourselves when interpreting things and phenomena around us. People have different paradigms as individuals, families, groups, nations, professions, etc.
A paradigm creates a mental filter through which the mind passes only the information that corresponds to its existing picture of the world. A paradigm can be compared to coloured glasses. For example, if the paradigm has a green colour, those who look through green glasses will see the world coloured in shades of green, and until they take off the green glasses, everything will appear green to them, and they will set their eyes on fire for it. It is only when they take off the "green glasses" that they will understand that things are not necessarily in shades of green, but take on different shades depending on the new glasses they put on.
The paradigm is created by information and experience in early childhood and later in life. It is power that imposes paradigms. Medicine is currently dominated by the biochemical paradigm, which explains everything that happens in disease and health through biochemical processes, and then there are electromagnetic, energetic, quantum, spiritual and many other things that we do not learn in school or college. For example, the biological effects of homeopathy are largely written off because there is no concentrated substance in the homeopathic preparation, which is a thorn in the side of the biochemical paradigm, and therefore homeopathy is considered a fraud.
The need for a paradigm shift arises when some phenomena cannot be explained by the existing paradigm. People with closed minds often refuse to give up their paradigm, even if the actions demand it, mainly because it requires effort but arouses fear, so they deny phenomena that do not fit the worldview they represent, but treat them as impossible. After all, the ego is perceived through its external identity and value system, so the shaking of the personal paradigm is a threat to the ego.
An interesting example is that of one of my colleagues who told me that patients complain about the side effects of medicines because they read the instructions! In fact, the threat to her ego is the assumption that the drugs we use in conventional medicine are not as good as we think, or that she is not as good as she wants to think of herself!
Paradigms are changing, especially in physics. The radical paradigm challenger in physics is Prof. Amit Goswami, who derives transcendence as a necessary phenomenon from analyses of the behaviour of subatomic particles. If we walk around with our eyes open, we have to revise our views very often, because actions demand it. After all, why not? Life has no other purpose than learning, in the narrow and broad sense of the word.